# Casa de la Memoria Andina ### An Alternative Vision for the New National Museum of Ecuador *Av. Eloy Alfaro & Av. de la República, Iñaquito, Quito* --- ## About this proposal Ecuador is building a new home for its National Museum — the institution that holds the country's most important collection, more than 1.2 million objects and documents spanning 12,000 years, currently so short of space that less than one percent of it can ever be shown at once. A new building on a 13,000 m² site facing La Carolina Park is a real chance to fix that. This document presents an alternative to the design that has provoked public objection since it was announced. It is not a technical drawing or a finished design — it is a description of what the building could feel like to everyone who will use it: a family visiting on a Sunday, a school group on a weekday morning, the curators and conservators who care for the collection every day, and the communities across Ecuador's coast, Andes, and Amazon whose heritage the museum exists to hold. The guiding idea is simple: a national museum should welcome people before it impresses them. It should be legible from the street, generous with shade and courtyards in a city that gets both blazing sun and sudden rain in the same afternoon, built from the materials and colors of Quito itself, and organized so that arriving, finding your way, working, and belonging all feel natural rather than effortful. What follows are four accounts of the same building, told from four points of view: a visitor walking through for the first time, the staff who work in it every day, a school group spending a day there, and the indigenous and community stakeholders whose heritage it represents. Together they describe one consistent building, seen from four sides. ![The museum seen from the corner of Av. Eloy Alfaro and Av. de la República](images/01-exterior-corner-view.jpg) *The museum seen from the corner of Av. Eloy Alfaro and Av. de la República.* --- ## I. The Visitor *Arrival, threshold, courtyards, collections, and departure, as experienced by a member of the general public.* ### First sight, from the two avenues From the corner of Avenida Eloy Alfaro and Avenida de la República, the museum does not announce itself as a single monumental object. It appears as a gathered family of white and grey masonry volumes rising from a broad platform of dark andesite — an archaeological wing, a historical wing, an artistic wing, an education wing, and, above them all, the taller central hall whose broad pyramidal roof gathers the whole composition. The 25,000 m² of accommodation are stacked on four levels of roughly 6,250 m² each, so the footprint covers less than half of the 13,004.65 m² property; the rest of the ground stays alive as forecourt, patios, gardens, and trees. The elevations step forward and back in shallow movements, making sheltered entrances, arcades, balconies, and small exterior rooms along the street. Above the walls, a roofscape of red-brown clay tile cascades down from the high roof of the central hall — lower gables and hips descending over the wings — and deep horizontal aleros throw hard shadows that shield the visitor from Quito's fierce midday sun, its sudden afternoon rain, and the occasional hail. The building reads vertically as a tectonic history of the country: dark stone at the earth, thick limewashed tapial and adobe above it, and a lighter crown of timber and bahareque beneath the roofs. ![The stepped street elevation and roofscape](images/02-stepped-street-elevation.jpg) *The stepped street elevation and roofscape.* ### The Civic Atrio The public face of the museum is not its façade but its atrio, set slightly above street level. Broad ceremonial steps and gently sloping accessible paths rise between low sitting walls, planted terraces, and trees. This is where the city's scale adjusts to the institution's: large enough to absorb school groups and a daily attendance in the tens of thousands, yet never an empty ceremonial plaza, because its edges are lined with activity pockets — the ticket and information kiosk, a bookstall, sheltered benches, drinking water, meeting points. Cars and service vehicles are kept visually subordinate, screened behind planted walls and secondary wings; yet from the drop-off, the entrance portal remains clearly in view, so no one arrives through a back door by mistake. ![The Civic Atrio, ceremonial steps, school group arriving](images/03-civic-atrio.jpg) *The Civic Atrio, ceremonial steps, school group arriving.* ### Threshold: portal and zaguán The entrance projects from the façade as a deep stone portal composed in a rhythm of five bays — unmistakable from both avenues, but not overpowering. Passing beneath the low protective edge of the roof, the visitor enters a broad zaguán, and the city falls away. Street noise dulls against thick walls with rounded reveals; the paving changes from rough exterior stone to smoother brick and stone bands underfoot; the light turns cool and subdued. Then, at the far end of the passage, the view opens suddenly onto sunlight, trees, moving water, and the first patio. The transition is staged and bodily: street, atrio, portal, zaguán, patio — the museum never exposes itself all at once. ![The entrance portal](images/04-entrance-portal.jpg) *The entrance portal.* ### The Patio of Origins The first realm is the Patio of Origins, proportioned so that the high equatorial sun reaches the paving and planting while the surrounding corredores remain in shade. It is not a void to be looked at through glass: doors open into it from the entrance hall, the archaeological galleries, the café, and the education rooms, and natural paths cross it in several directions. Large andesite and fired-clay slabs are laid with narrow planted joints, mosses and small flowers growing between the stones. Rainwater falls from expressed canales into shallow stone-lined rills that cross the court toward planted basins. When an afternoon storm breaks, visitors stand under the corredor and watch the rain work across the court; when the sun returns minutes later, that same sheltered edge becomes a warm place to sit. ![The Patio of Origins, water channel, community room door](images/05-patio-of-origins.jpg) *The Patio of Origins, water channel, community room door.* ### The Great Hall Beyond the patio stands the central building, the institutional heart toward which all roofs and paths converge. Inside, a broad pyramidal timber roof rises overhead, its structure fully visible, so that even in the largest room of the museum the visitor feels sheltered rather than dwarfed. The perimeter of the hall drops to a human register — information counters, window seats, alcoves, orientation displays, doorways into the collections. The main staircase is a room in its own right: it turns along two walls and widens near the floor into broad steps where school groups assemble, talks are given, and people simply sit to watch the life of the hall. From the upper landings, windows and balconies give repeated views back to the entrance patio, so visitors constantly re-orient themselves without signage. ![The Great Hall interior, timber roof structure, retablo wall](images/06-great-hall-interior.jpg) *The Great Hall interior, timber roof structure, retablo wall.* ### Realms and thoroughfares Movement through the museum is organized as a sequence of named realms — the Civic Atrio, the Patio of Origins, the Great Hall, the Corredor of Time, the Patio of Memory, the Garden of the Arts. Directions are given through places, not floor numbers. From the hall, several parallel loops branch out — archaeological, historical, artistic — and each returns independently to the hall or to a patio. This is what allows 400,000 visitors a month to move without a single forced procession: school groups gather on the stair and in common rooms while individual visitors flow past; temporary exhibitions run outside the permanent route. The principal circulation spaces are built as genuine building thoroughfares, 4.5 to 6 metres wide and considerably taller than ordinary corridors, their edges lined with seating, exhibit windows, doorways, and views into conservation and education work. Walking is part of the visit, not leftover space between galleries. ![A wide, daylit circulation gallery, seating along one edge](images/07-circulation-gallery.jpg) *A wide, daylit circulation gallery, seating along one edge.* ### The ascent of the collections The permanent collections unfold as a gradual climb through the material history of Ecuador, and the building's construction tells the same story as the artifacts. The archaeological galleries occupy the lowest and heaviest realm. Floors and lower walls are dark stone; rooms are cool, calm, and acoustically quiet. At a few significant thresholds, doorways narrow slightly toward the top in restrained trapezoidal profiles — used sparingly, never as a repeated motif. Objects are met in rooms of varied size: a small gold piece in a low, protected niche at close range; a monumental stone in a taller vaulted chamber opening toward a court. The historical galleries rise into the earthen middle of the building — the Corredor of Time. Limewashed walls, timber beams, balconies, maps, documents, and domestic objects carry the narrative from colonial Quito through republican and modern national life. The route is chronological but not mechanically linear — shorter loops are always possible — and at regular intervals it expands into a common room with seating, daylight, and a view, where groups can rest and rejoin: this is the Patio of Memory, the historical wing's own court, adjoining the museum's reading room and archive study spaces. Interior windows along this court let a visitor glimpse a librarian consulting a bound volume or an archivist unrolling a map, a quiet reminder that the collection's less visible reserves — until now largely unexhibited — now have a real, inhabited room of their own rather than remaining out of reach. The artistic collections occupy the light timber crown, opening onto the Garden of the Arts. Here the galleries open toward recessed balconies and a balcón corrido overlooking the principal patio, and a roofed mirador, folded into the central roof rather than built as a tower, frames a single carefully chosen view of Quito and — when the weather allows — the flanks of Pichincha. From here the visitor understands the museum as part of the city and the Andean landscape, not a sealed container of objects. Throughout, the wings are narrow and every public room receives daylight from two sides. Sensitive artifacts rest in protected chambers where sunlight is excluded, but these darker rooms always alternate with luminous corredores, window bays, patios, and resting places. No visitor is held for hours without contact with daylight, weather, vegetation, or the position of the sun. ![The historical gallery route with a common-room bay](images/08-corredor-of-time.jpg) *The historical gallery route with a common-room bay.* ![The artistic wing's balcón and rooftop lookout](images/09-artistic-wing-balcon-mirador.jpg) *The artistic wing's balcón and rooftop lookout.* ### Edges, courts, and gardens The building's edge is treated as an inhabited thickness rather than a line. Deep window reveals become seats; recessed balconies, a full two metres deep, let visitors step outside while remaining under cover; arcades and a trellised walk connect the patios even during rain. Every courtyard has a protected "back" and a view toward a larger open space; every terrace is placed where it catches useful sun and is sheltered from the afternoon wind. The café opens at once toward an interior common room, a roofed veranda, and a sunny garden, so a parent can sit with the building at their back and watch children in the space ahead. Around the smaller education court, interior windows reveal the museum at work — an exhibition being mounted, an artifact being documented — making visible the human labor by which cultural memory is preserved. Terraces, steps, and sitting walls blur the line where building ends and earth begins. ![A deep recessed balcony, the café terrace and garden](images/10-cafe-terrace-garden.jpg) *A deep recessed balcony, the café terrace and garden.* ### Look and feel The atmosphere is substantial without being oppressive, ceremonial without being authoritarian. Walls feel thick enough to shelter; roofs are always perceptible overhead; openings are tall and relatively narrow, glazed in small panes, so daylight enters as reflected light from pale plaster rather than glare through plate glass. The sound of footsteps changes from stone halls to timber galleries to brick corredores to planted courts. Timber, earth render, vegetation, and rain give the building a smell as much as a look. Wall fields are matte lime-white; andesite carries the plinth, retaining walls, steps, portal, and principal structural frames. Carpentry is dark walnut; roof tiles remain their natural red-brown; wrought-iron rejas are almost black; a restrained oxblood zócalo runs along selected lower walls. From a distance the museum has a grave civic presence; at close range it is animated by moving sunlight, deep shadow, timber, planting, and people. Color lives on doors, windows, rails, and chosen interior elements — never spread indiscriminately across the building. ![Close-up of stonework detail at the portal](images/11-stonework-detail.jpg) *Close-up of stonework detail at the portal.* ![The color palette across a typical courtyard elevation](images/12-courtyard-elevation-palette.jpg) *The color palette across a typical courtyard elevation.* ### Ornamental treatment Ornament is disciplined by place: concentrated at the base, the threshold, and the crown, never distributed as surface decoration. Diamond-coursed masonry appears in limited bands within the andesite plinth. Stepped profiles derived from the chakana — the Andean stepped cross — shape the stair edges, portal mouldings, metal grilles, door pulls, and a small number of cornice transitions — all of it made through masonry bonding, timber joinery, perforation, and shadow, never applied graphics. The density of ornament increases as one approaches the portal. Its outer bays stay relatively plain; the central bay carries the most precise stone carving, deeply recessed doors, and geometric timberwork. Beyond the entrance, ornament subsides so the patios and galleries can remain quiet. The single figurative episode waits inside the great hall: one wall composed as a contemporary retablo of national memory — a tiered field of niches and frames holding abstracted sun and moon discs, maize, Andean flowers, birds, and animal forms, integrated with the orientation desk, the stair landing, and the first objects of the collection. It is dense, luminous, and memorable, and it stays in this one civic center. Every other major wall remains calm, preserving the distinction between ornament, architecture, and the artifacts themselves. The result translates pre-Columbian, colonial, indigenous, and baroque traditions into contemporary construction — without reproducing a historical façade, and without becoming collage. ### Departure At the end of the visit the loops converge gently rather than discharging the visitor. Routes return through the great hall or a patio, past the shop and café, into the entrance room with its clear view of the atrio and the city beyond. The exit reverses the arrival: protected gallery, corredor, sunlit patio, shaded zaguán, civic atrio, street. What remains is not the impression of having crossed a large institutional machine, but of having ascended a condensed Ecuadorian landscape — stone ground, earthen rooms, inhabited thresholds, living courts, crafted timber, rain-bearing roofs, and a few carefully concentrated moments of celebration. ![The view back toward the Civic Atrio and street from the entrance room](images/13-departure.jpg) *The view back toward the Civic Atrio and street from the entrance room.* --- ## II. Museum Staff *The working experience of curators, conservators, librarians, archivists, and educators.* ### Arriving to work, not to visit Staff do not use the Civic Atrio. A modest service entrance sits at the rear of the historical wing, reached from a small court screened behind planted walls in the same manner as the visitor parking — a handful of staff spaces and a loading bay for collections transport, never more than 5–7 vehicles, invisible from either avenue. This entrance is deliberately subordinate to the main portal, but it is not a leftover gap between buildings either: it opens directly into a proper building thoroughfare, so a conservator arriving at seven in the morning walks the same generously daylit route a visitor will use hours later, just entered from the other end. ### Loading and handling the collection The service court connects directly to a goods lift and a ground-level handling room behind the archaeological wing, sized for the monumental stone pieces in the collection — the Tolita Sun among them — as well as smaller crated works. This handling room has its own daylight from a narrow clerestory rather than being a windowless box, but the crates themselves rest under the same protected, sun-excluded discipline as the sensitive galleries upstairs. ### Conservation and curatorial workspaces Two conservation studios sit close to the collections they serve rather than being centralized in one distant lab: an object-conservation studio adjoining the archaeological wing's handling room, and a paper-and-textile conservation studio adjoining the Patio of Memory, close to the Historical Archive's holdings of manuscripts, photographs, and musical scores. Both studios are narrow, elongated rooms with windows on two sides, because conservation work depends on stable, even daylight as much as any gallery does. Curatorial offices line the same corridor in a loose chain rather than a double-loaded corridor of identical doors: each office opens onto the working corridor and, on its far side, onto a narrow light well or the Patio of Memory itself, so no curator works without a view of sky or court. ### The Patio of Memory precinct: library and archive The Human Sciences Library — around 210,000 items, including the Jijón y Caamaño and Isaac Barrera collections — and the Historical Archive — 918,673 documents — both live adjacent to the historical wing, opening onto the Patio of Memory. For librarians and archivists this is not a back-room afterthought: the reading room is a real, daylit space at the court's edge, with the same limewashed walls and timber beams as the historical galleries above it, and its own quiet corredor for readers to step outside without leaving the building's shelter. Archive storage — the manuscripts, cartography, sound recordings, and posters — sits one level below the reading room in a controlled, sun-excluded vault, but the vault's staff workroom still receives borrowed light from a sequence of small clerestory openings, so no archivist spends a working day with no sense of daylight or weather. This precinct is where staff feel most directly the museum's founding problem: for the first time, the Library and Archive have a named place with a public reading room attached, rather than being warehoused out of reach. A researcher requesting a Jijón y Caamaño volume and a schoolchild's teacher preparing a lesson from the Historical Archive now use the same room. ### Educator and workshop spaces The education wing — named alongside the temporary-exhibition wing in the building complex — holds the educators' own working spaces: a preparation room for handling teaching objects, a materials store, and a small staff office, all opening onto the same court the café faces. Educators can watch a school group gather in the Civic Atrio or the Great Hall stair through window bays before stepping out to meet them — the same sight-line orientation the repeated views from the Great Hall's upper landings give visitors, so no signage or radios are needed to know a group has arrived. ### Common areas at the heart Museum staff — conservators, curators, librarians, archivists, educators, security, and front-of-house — are a single social group, and one shared staff room sits at the center of gravity of the back-of-house spaces described above, reached tangentially from the conservation studios, the curatorial corridor, the Patio of Memory precinct, and the education wing alike. It opens onto a small private court — not the Civic Atrio, not the Patio of Origins, a court reserved for staff — with its own sitting walls and a single mature tree, so a conservator on a break and an archivist between requests end up in the same room without needing to arrange it. ### Look and feel, extended to the working spaces The back-of-house realm uses the same material and color discipline as the public building — matte lime-white walls, andesite, dark walnut carpentry, natural clay tile — because that discipline does not stop applying once a door is marked "staff only." What changes is density, not palette: ornament here is close to absent, since decoration was always concentrated at the public thresholds, and the single figurative retablo wall stays in the Great Hall — no second figurative wall appears anywhere in the staff areas. The effect is a building staff recognize as continuous with the one their visitors experience, calmer but never colder. --- ## III. A School Group's Day *A teacher, chaperones, and children from roughly six to sixteen years old, visiting for the day.* ### Arrival: the bus, the atrio, the count The bus stops where service and drop-off traffic is kept visually subordinate to the entrance portal — no separate "school entrance" is needed, because the Civic Atrio was already sized to absorb school groups and a daily attendance in the tens of thousands. A teacher doing a headcount before the portal has the low sitting walls and planted terraces to gather thirty children without spilling into the street, and the activity pockets lining the atrio's edge — the kiosk, the bookstall, the sheltered benches — give restless children something to look at while the count happens twice. ### Threshold, at child height The zaguán's staged transition — street to portal to cool dim passage to sudden sunlit patio — reads differently to an eight-year-old than to an adult: the change from bright street to shadowed passage to bright patio again is a more dramatic sequence of thresholds when your own vantage point is lower. Ornament density peaking at the portal puts the chakana-derived stepped mouldings and door pulls closest to the ground right where the portal is thickest with detail — which is also, at a child's height, where they are easiest to see and touch. ### The Great Hall: the stair as the day's gathering point The main staircase is a room in its own right — where school groups assemble, talks are given. For a school group this is the anchor of the entire visit: the broad, shallow steps near the floor function as tiered seating built into the architecture itself, tested by whether people actually gravitate to sit there, not merely built to look like seating. A guide can address thirty or sixty children at once without a microphone, and — because the perimeter of the hall drops to a human register — the alcoves and window seats around its edge let a chaperone keep a wandering child in sight without leaving the group. From the upper landings, repeated views back to the entrance patio mean a child who gets briefly separated can re-orient by sight, toward a place, not a floor number or a sign. ### Moving through the collections at a child's pace The building thoroughfares, 4.5–6 metres wide, are wide enough that a school group moving as a loose cluster does not block individual visitors, and the several parallel loops through the building mean a group can peel off into the archaeological loop while another group is in the historical Corredor of Time — two school groups from different towns never have to queue behind each other through a single forced route. In the archaeological wing, the small gold piece in a low, protected niche at close range is exactly the kind of object a child can approach at their own height without a rope barrier looming overhead; the monumental stone in its taller vaulted chamber gives the same group an experience of scale in the other direction. The restrained trapezoidal door-thresholds are subtle enough that a class doesn't need them explained to feel a room has changed register. Along the Corredor of Time, the periodic common-room expansions — where groups can rest and rejoin — are where a school group actually stops for its scheduled break: built-in seating, daylight, and a view, sized for a class rather than a single family. A teacher can hold a short discussion here without leaving the route or needing a separate room booked in advance. ### The education wing: workshops as the day's second half The education wing holds the educators' preparation room, materials store, and office, opening onto the same court the café faces. For the school group, this wing is where the day's structured workshop happens — object-handling sessions using teaching replicas prepared by the educators, in a room scaled and furnished for groups of thirty rather than the individual-visitor scale of the galleries. Because the educators can watch the Civic Atrio and Great Hall stair through window bays, a workshop can start the moment a group arrives without a chaperone having to go looking for staff. ### Outdoor time: patios as recess, not just scenery Every named court in this building is a real outdoor room, not a view seen through glass, and for a school group that matters practically: the Patio of Origins and the Garden of the Arts are places a class can be released to move, sit, and eat a packed lunch between gallery sessions, under cover if an afternoon storm arrives. A tired six-year-old gets a change of pace and daylight before the next room, not another corridor. --- ## IV. Indigenous and Community Stakeholders *Members of the indigenous nations and communities whose heritage the National Collection holds and represents — visiting, consulting the archive, or attending a community event.* ### A complex, not a monolith Public opposition to earlier museum proposals has centered on buildings that read as a single anonymous mass and feel like they represent nobody in particular. This building is built from a different premise: the archaeological, historical, and artistic wings, the temporary-exhibition and education wing, and the Great Hall are legible as distinct parts of one composition — a building whose very massing admits that the nation it represents is plural, not singular, before a single object is displayed. ### The roof that draws on indigenous, not colonial, logic The Great Hall's roof is the tallest and most prominent element in the whole composition, and it belongs to Ecuador's indigenous building tradition — the logic of a great, protective, structurally expressed canopy — rather than the colonial or baroque traditions that shape the walls beneath it. This is a considered hierarchy: the single most important space in the building is roofed according to indigenous constructive logic, its structure fully visible from below, rather than borrowing its dominant gesture from the traditions that give the walls their character. ### Ground: recognition, not decoration The archaeological wing's restrained trapezoidal profiles, at a few significant thresholds, are a potent pre-Columbian marker traceable to real precedent — the great site of Ingapirca — rather than an invented motif, and they are used sparingly by design. For a community stakeholder, that restraint is the point: this is a recognized architectural language, deployed with discipline — not scattered decoratively across every doorway as surface pattern, which would cheapen it into applied ornament rather than structural, load-bearing meaning. The dark andesite ground floor itself sits on the same battered-stone, terraced logic as Ingapirca and Cochasquí — the building's heaviest, most permanent material stratum speaks the pre-Columbian ground language literally, not figuratively. ### The one figurative episode: integration, not tokenism The single retablo episode inside the Great Hall — a tiered field of niches and frames holding abstracted sun and moon discs, maize, Andean flowers, birds, and animal forms — is a translation, not a replica: every other major wall remains calm. For a community stakeholder this distinction matters directly: the retablo is not a replica of any specific community's regalia or a collage of borrowed motifs assembled for visual effect — it is one disciplined, abstracted composition, sited at the building's institutional heart and integrated with the orientation desk, the stair landing, and the first objects of the collection, so it reads as part of the building's structure and civic purpose rather than as decoration applied to impress. One episode, in one place, doing real orientational work, not a pattern repeated for atmosphere. ### Community rooms, at the origin of the sequence Community rooms are named explicitly alongside the permanent collections and education spaces as part of the building's program. This narrative places them opening off the Patio of Origins — the first sunlit realm after the zaguán, alongside the entrance hall, archaeological galleries, café, and education-room doors that already open onto that same court. Community rooms sit at the very beginning of the visitor sequence, not appended at the back of the building: a delegation from an Amazonian, coastal, or Andean community consulting on how their heritage is displayed, or gathering for a cultural event, uses a room with the same daylight, the same andesite-and-tapial materials, and the same access to the Patio of Origins's water and planting as every other visitor — not a separate, lesser space reached by a different route. ### The archive and library as a place of return The Human Sciences Library and Historical Archive open onto the Patio of Memory, adjoining the historical wing. For community researchers — genealogists, knowledge-keepers, or scholars consulting the Jijón y Caamaño or Isaac Barrera collections, or the Historical Archive's manuscripts, cartography, and sound recordings — this reading room is where less-visible patrimonial material becomes something a community member can sit with directly, answering the museum's founding problem that under 1% of the collection is currently exhibitable. The same court a conservator or archivist uses daily is the court a community member crosses to reach that material — one shared room, not a restricted back office. ### Dignity in how objects are met The archaeological galleries meet a small gold piece in a low, protected niche at close range, and a monumental stone in a taller vaulted chamber opening toward a court — varied room sizes matched to the object, not a uniform grid of identical vitrines. For a community stakeholder whose ancestors' work is held here, this variation is what dignity in display looks like architecturally: the building's room sizes respond to what is being shown, at the scale of the object as much as the room, rather than every piece — however sacred, however small, however monumental — being flattened into the same generic gallery bay.